In our daily life, almost every family owns a portfolio of assets. This portfolio could contain real assets such as a car, or a house, as well as financial assets such as stocks, bonds or futures. Portfolio theory deals with how to form a satisfied portfolio among an enormous number of assets. Originally proposed by H. Markowtiz in 1952, the mean-variance methodology for portfolio optimization has been central to the research activities in this area and has served as a basis for the development of modem financial theory during the past four decades. Follow-on work with this approach has born much fruit for this field of study. Among all those research fruits, the most important is the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) proposed by Sharpe in 1964. This model greatly simplifies the input for portfolio selection and makes the mean-variance methodology into a practical application. Consequently, lots of models were proposed to price the capital assets. In this book, some of the most important progresses in portfolio theory are surveyed and a few new models for portfolio selection are presented. Models for asset pricing are illustrated and the empirical tests of CAPM for China's stock markets are made. The first chapter surveys ideas and principles of modeling the investment decision process of economic agents. It starts with the Markowitz criteria of formulating return and risk as mean and variance and then looks into other related criteria which are based on probability assumptions on future prices of securities.
This monograph consists of two parts. One part is portfolio selection theory and the other part is capital asset pricing theory. For each part, a comprehensive review of the original theory, efforts to improve the theory afterwards and future works to be done are presented. Some innovative models and empirical research works are given in subsequent chapters following the review. For example, a model for portfolio selection with order of expected returns is presented in Chapter 2, the model addresses the inaccuracy in the estimation the expected returns of securities by putting the expected returns of securities as variables rather than known constant. Readers will see some new results which are very practical and interesting.
